Travel Galleries
NoMAA Artists' Salon - 3/30/2009
Other photos here: www.robertcain.info/photography
Updated: Mar 31, 2009 6:19pm PST
Photos of Inwood Park, Manhattan, NY. Inwood Hill Park is a city-ow ...
Updated: Sep 03, 2009 2:23pm PST
Inwood Park in HDR - January 17th, 2009 (HDR Workshop) (new)
This gallery is for viewing only. The photos are not printable as som ...
Updated: Feb 20, 2010 7:02pm PST
Inwood Park in HDR - January 17th, 2009 (HDR Workshop)
This gallery is for viewing only. The photos are not printable as som ...
Updated: Feb 20, 2010 7:02pm PST
Northern Ireland is a country within the United Kingdom, lying in the ...
Updated: Dec 15, 2008 2:42am PST
10.19.2008 - The New York Botanical Garden
Nathaniel Lord Britton began the 250-acre park in 1891 and today it is ...
Updated: Oct 21, 2008 6:38pm PST
Astroland Amusement Park, Coney Island, NY
Astroland first billed itself as a 'space-age' theme park when it open ...
Updated: Oct 21, 2008 6:40pm PST
I still have to narrow down the best photos and do some further editin ...
Updated: Mar 11, 2008 5:33pm PST
Montreal, QC, Canada - January 2008
Formerly the largest city in Canada, it is now known as the second lar ...
Updated: Jan 29, 2008 3:19pm PST
Here is a 23 minute video I had to post to a different site because of ...
Updated: Jan 14, 2008 5:05am PST
Carnival Triumph - December 2007
Debby_turns 50 slideshow Let me know if you need a photo, I don't w ...
Updated: Jan 13, 2008 6:38pm PST
Costa Rica - Best of - August 2007
Processed over 1,600 photos taking up over 26GB of disk space. Only ...
Updated: Aug 21, 2007 7:45pm PST
You have to keep in mind that we are on vacation, not on a trip to tak ...
Updated: Jan 06, 2008 4:45pm PST
Newport is a city in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, abou ...
Updated: Aug 04, 2007 8:21am PST
Mohonk Mountain, New York - 2007
Located just 90 miles north of New York City and 9.00 per person!, the ...
Updated: Jul 25, 2007 4:22pm PST
Montauk is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, N ...
Updated: Jul 09, 2007 2:32pm PST
Columbus Circle, named for Christopher Columbus, is a major landmark a ...
Updated: Apr 16, 2008 8:37pm PST
Atlantic Highlands, NJ - 6.23.2007
Atlantic Highlands is located in Sandy Hook Bay. They are 2 of the mor ...
Updated: Jun 25, 2007 5:54am PST
BT INS Training - March 30th, 2007
This was the training session held at the http://www.garrettcreekranch ...
Updated: Apr 07, 2007 8:30am PST
SoHo is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan named ...
Updated: Apr 16, 2008 8:28pm PST
![Knicks vs Bulls - November 25th : NEW YORK (AP) -- A 23-point lead wasn't enough for Chicago coach Scott Skiles -- and it almost wasn't for the Bulls, either.
Skiles was ejected in the opening minute of the third quarter Saturday night, but the Bulls held on to beat the New York Knicks 106-95 to stop a six-game losing streak.
"I didn't anticipate getting tossed out of the game or anything," Skiles said. "I'm never afraid to get tossed out because I know Jimmy [Boylan, assistant coach] will do a good job. It got a little hairy there at the end, but we made enough plays to win."
Steve Francis, back in the starting lineup for the Knicks, was also ejected with 41 seconds remaining in a game that included the benchings of Stephon Marbury and Ben Wallace.
Luol Deng led the Bulls with 24 points, including 16 on 7-of-12 shooting in the first half to give the Bulls a 56-34 lead.
Chicago opened the second half with a jumper by reserve Malik Allen, who scored 15 points. Shortly after that, Skiles was ejected after picking up a pair of technical fouls for arguing -- with the Bulls leading 58-35.
"The ejection, I deserved. I deserved the second technical," Skiles said. "I didn't care for the first one that much. He was joking with me, I joked with him and he gave me a technical. Technically, you're not allowed to comment."
Wallace was benched in the beginning of the third quarter for breaking a long-standing team rule on the ban of headbands.
Kirk Hinrich added 21 points and Andres Nocioni had 19 for the Bulls, who snapped an eight-game road skid.
Reserve Jamal Crawford led New York with 26 points and Eddy Curry added 20.
Marbury, who's said throughout the season that he would be much more aggressive, did not attempt a shot and was scoreless after he had only two points in Friday's victory at Boston.
Knicks coach Isiah Thomas said that Marbury did not participate in the morning shootaround because he was not feeling well.
"I knew in my mind he wasn't feeling well this morning," Thomas said. "The pace and the energy of the game, he just wasn't feeling that well."
A confused Marbury spent most of the second half on the bench, often sitting with a towel over his head while teammates around him stood and cheered as the Knicks tried to rally.
"Nope," he said when asked whether he was happy about being on the bench. "I was fine. I didn't have any openings. I was trying to move the ball and get the ball moving the way he wants us to play. He told me he was leaving me out of the game in the third quarter."
Knicks forward Channing Frye left the game in the second quarter with a sprained left ankle. Frye grimaced in pain and was helped off the court by his teammates. X-rays were negative, but Frye did not return to play. After the game, the team announced that Frye will miss three to six weeks.
At the break, the team also announced that Quentin Richardson would not return after straining his hamstring. That was bad news for a Knicks team that trailed by 22 points at halftime.
The Knicks' first-round pick in last year's NBA draft, Frye attempted to block P.J Brown's shot and landed on the back of Brown's shoe with 9:41 left in the first half.
Richardson, who went into the game averaging 14.3 points and 6.7 rebounds per game, was listed as day-to-day.
Chicago's lead was cut to five points with under two minutes to play, as New York got boosts from reserves Renaldo Balkman and David Lee. But after a turnover by Francis, Nocioni hit a pair of free throws with 1:23 left for a 100-93 lead. Hinrich pushed the lead to 102-94 on a pair of free throws with 53 seconds left.
Ben Gordon scored only seven points for Chicago. He averaged 30.7 against the Knicks last season.](/photos/random.mg?AlbumID=2173521&Size=Tiny&AlbumKey=wHiAq&rand=1780 "Knicks vs Bulls - November 25th : NEW YORK (AP) -- A 23-point lead wasn't enough for Chicago coach Scott Skiles -- and it almost wasn't for the Bulls, either.
Skiles was ejected in the opening minute of the third quarter Saturday night, but the Bulls held on to beat the New York Knicks 106-95 to stop a six-game losing streak.
\"I didn't anticipate getting tossed out of the game or anything,\" Skiles said. \"I'm never afraid to get tossed out because I know Jimmy [Boylan, assistant coach] will do a good job. It got a little hairy there at the end, but we made enough plays to win.\"
Steve Francis, back in the starting lineup for the Knicks, was also ejected with 41 seconds remaining in a game that included the benchings of Stephon Marbury and Ben Wallace.
Luol Deng led the Bulls with 24 points, including 16 on 7-of-12 shooting in the first half to give the Bulls a 56-34 lead.
Chicago opened the second half with a jumper by reserve Malik Allen, who scored 15 points. Shortly after that, Skiles was ejected after picking up a pair of technical fouls for arguing -- with the Bulls leading 58-35.
\"The ejection, I deserved. I deserved the second technical,\" Skiles said. \"I didn't care for the first one that much. He was joking with me, I joked with him and he gave me a technical. Technically, you're not allowed to comment.\"
Wallace was benched in the beginning of the third quarter for breaking a long-standing team rule on the ban of headbands.
Kirk Hinrich added 21 points and Andres Nocioni had 19 for the Bulls, who snapped an eight-game road skid.
Reserve Jamal Crawford led New York with 26 points and Eddy Curry added 20.
Marbury, who's said throughout the season that he would be much more aggressive, did not attempt a shot and was scoreless after he had only two points in Friday's victory at Boston.
Knicks coach Isiah Thomas said that Marbury did not participate in the morning shootaround because he was not feeling well.
\"I knew in my mind he wasn't feeling well this morning,\" Thomas said. \"The pace and the energy of the game, he just wasn't feeling that well.\"
A confused Marbury spent most of the second half on the bench, often sitting with a towel over his head while teammates around him stood and cheered as the Knicks tried to rally.
\"Nope,\" he said when asked whether he was happy about being on the bench. \"I was fine. I didn't have any openings. I was trying to move the ball and get the ball moving the way he wants us to play. He told me he was leaving me out of the game in the third quarter.\"
Knicks forward Channing Frye left the game in the second quarter with a sprained left ankle. Frye grimaced in pain and was helped off the court by his teammates. X-rays were negative, but Frye did not return to play. After the game, the team announced that Frye will miss three to six weeks.
At the break, the team also announced that Quentin Richardson would not return after straining his hamstring. That was bad news for a Knicks team that trailed by 22 points at halftime.
The Knicks' first-round pick in last year's NBA draft, Frye attempted to block P.J Brown's shot and landed on the back of Brown's shoe with 9:41 left in the first half.
Richardson, who went into the game averaging 14.3 points and 6.7 rebounds per game, was listed as day-to-day.
Chicago's lead was cut to five points with under two minutes to play, as New York got boosts from reserves Renaldo Balkman and David Lee. But after a turnover by Francis, Nocioni hit a pair of free throws with 1:23 left for a 100-93 lead. Hinrich pushed the lead to 102-94 on a pair of free throws with 53 seconds left.
Ben Gordon scored only seven points for Chicago. He averaged 30.7 against the Knicks last season.")
Knicks vs Bulls - November 25th
NEW YORK (AP) -- A 23-point lead wasn't enough for Chicago coach Scott ...
Updated: Dec 03, 2006 4:43am PST
![Grand Central Station - November - 2006 : Grand Central Terminal was built to house Cornelius Vanderbilt's railroad network, consolidated in the late 19th century as New York Central. It replaced John B. Snook and Isaac Buckout's Second Empire style 42nd Street Terminal, an iron and glass train shed built between 1869 and 71 (which had supplanted New York's first Madison Square train shed and terminal at Madison Square). A massive track fire caused by the collision of two trains in 1902 prompted the decision to electrify the train lines. The smoky, sooty train tracks running down the center of Fourth Avenue were covered, creating what we know today as Park Avenue North. By the 1920s, the avenue was transformed from a eyesore lined with tenements and factories into a boulevard of luxury apartment buildings. By the 1950s, lower Park Avenue North had become one of the most sought-after commercial districts in the city.
Founded to oversee the station's replaning, the Grand Central Corporation envisioned the project as "Terminal City"-- a multi-lot development linking the new station with hotels, apartments, and office buildings running along 42nd Street and up Park Avenue. This plan, often described as a "city within a city" can be understood as the precursor to ideas explored later at Rockefeller Center.
The 1903 competition brief also called for linking the station with the new subway system [1904]. For the station itself, the brief specified distinct departure areas for commuter and long distance trains, a main circulation concourse, a subsidiary ticketing space and waiting rooms. Furthermore, it required that Park Avenue traffic should circulate around the station.
Ultimately, this brief reflected a new and innovative appreciation of the urban character and the changing needs of a booming metropolis. Reed & Stem--a firm with strong engineering capabilities--won out over architects like McKim Mead & White and Daniel Burnham for the commission. They were ultimately responsible for functional aspects of the design. To their consternation, the Vanderbilts added the firm of their Beaux Arts-trained cousin, Whitney Warren, to the team. Warren & Wetmore were responsible for the aesthetics of the station.
Reed & Stem's station was conceived first as a system of efficient circulation between the city's streets, trains, subways, the 'El' and adjacent buildings. A viaduct encircling the station [1919-29] links Park Avenue North and South. Suburban and long haul trains are isolated on two separate levels of tracks. Multi-level circulation ramps replace stairs, facilitating pedestrian traffic through the station. The building is replete with amenities for the traveler--commercial establishments, a police station, changing rooms, private offices and apartments. The station still functions well, despite subsequent rearrangements and a dramatic increase in traffic.
Modeled on Roman imperial baths, Warren & Wetmore's Beaux Arts architectural design is, in effect, a surface dressing for this masterful circulation plan. The monumental main concourse [1903-13] is capped by a vaulted plaster ceiling suspended from a steel substructure. Thermal windows bring light into the concourse and serve as hallways linking to office spaces at the concourse's four corners. Guastavino vaults grace portions of the broad, shallow lower level. Acorns and oak leaves--both symbols of the Vanderbilt family--adorn the interior.
Outside, the limestone-clad station's southern facade has the grand scale of the interior. Modeled on a Roman triumphal arch, the facade symbolizes the triumph of the railroad. It was also envisioned as a gateway to the city, then located primarily to the station's south. Jules Coutan's central sculptural group depicts Mercury (the god of commerce) supported by Minerva and Hercules (representing mental and moral strength). After the original Pennsylvania Station was demolished in 1963, Grand Central Terminal was landmarked. This innovative complex, integrating the train system with an intricate web of urban conditions, will be preserved for the enjoyment of future generations.](http://www.robertcain.info/Personal/Travel/Grand-Central-Station-November/IMGP6101/112230676_CYhHv-Ti-1.jpg "Grand Central Station - November - 2006 : Grand Central Terminal was built to house Cornelius Vanderbilt's railroad network, consolidated in the late 19th century as New York Central. It replaced John B. Snook and Isaac Buckout's Second Empire style 42nd Street Terminal, an iron and glass train shed built between 1869 and 71 (which had supplanted New York's first Madison Square train shed and terminal at Madison Square). A massive track fire caused by the collision of two trains in 1902 prompted the decision to electrify the train lines. The smoky, sooty train tracks running down the center of Fourth Avenue were covered, creating what we know today as Park Avenue North. By the 1920s, the avenue was transformed from a eyesore lined with tenements and factories into a boulevard of luxury apartment buildings. By the 1950s, lower Park Avenue North had become one of the most sought-after commercial districts in the city.
Founded to oversee the station's replaning, the Grand Central Corporation envisioned the project as \"Terminal City\"-- a multi-lot development linking the new station with hotels, apartments, and office buildings running along 42nd Street and up Park Avenue. This plan, often described as a \"city within a city\" can be understood as the precursor to ideas explored later at Rockefeller Center.
The 1903 competition brief also called for linking the station with the new subway system [1904]. For the station itself, the brief specified distinct departure areas for commuter and long distance trains, a main circulation concourse, a subsidiary ticketing space and waiting rooms. Furthermore, it required that Park Avenue traffic should circulate around the station.
Ultimately, this brief reflected a new and innovative appreciation of the urban character and the changing needs of a booming metropolis. Reed & Stem--a firm with strong engineering capabilities--won out over architects like McKim Mead & White and Daniel Burnham for the commission. They were ultimately responsible for functional aspects of the design. To their consternation, the Vanderbilts added the firm of their Beaux Arts-trained cousin, Whitney Warren, to the team. Warren & Wetmore were responsible for the aesthetics of the station.
Reed & Stem's station was conceived first as a system of efficient circulation between the city's streets, trains, subways, the 'El' and adjacent buildings. A viaduct encircling the station [1919-29] links Park Avenue North and South. Suburban and long haul trains are isolated on two separate levels of tracks. Multi-level circulation ramps replace stairs, facilitating pedestrian traffic through the station. The building is replete with amenities for the traveler--commercial establishments, a police station, changing rooms, private offices and apartments. The station still functions well, despite subsequent rearrangements and a dramatic increase in traffic.
Modeled on Roman imperial baths, Warren & Wetmore's Beaux Arts architectural design is, in effect, a surface dressing for this masterful circulation plan. The monumental main concourse [1903-13] is capped by a vaulted plaster ceiling suspended from a steel substructure. Thermal windows bring light into the concourse and serve as hallways linking to office spaces at the concourse's four corners. Guastavino vaults grace portions of the broad, shallow lower level. Acorns and oak leaves--both symbols of the Vanderbilt family--adorn the interior.
Outside, the limestone-clad station's southern facade has the grand scale of the interior. Modeled on a Roman triumphal arch, the facade symbolizes the triumph of the railroad. It was also envisioned as a gateway to the city, then located primarily to the station's south. Jules Coutan's central sculptural group depicts Mercury (the god of commerce) supported by Minerva and Hercules (representing mental and moral strength). After the original Pennsylvania Station was demolished in 1963, Grand Central Terminal was landmarked. This innovative complex, integrating the train system with an intricate web of urban conditions, will be preserved for the enjoyment of future generations.")
Grand Central Station - November - 2006
Grand Central Terminal was built to house Cornelius Vanderbilt's railr ...
Updated: Nov 24, 2006 8:15am PST
Dyckman Farmhouse Eight miles north of Times Square, busy Broadway is ...
Updated: Jul 30, 2006 8:16pm PST
All Photos can be downloaded for 1.00, you may use the file to print i ...
Updated: Nov 01, 2006 4:49pm PST
Rockefeller home Kykuit - 2006
Kykuit is a historic house built for John D. Rockefeller in 1913 by th ...
Updated: Jul 15, 2006 10:27pm PST
New York Apartment 675 Academy Street
740 Square feet. Built in 1952. Location Manhattan: click the lin ...
Updated: Jan 31, 2010 6:33pm PST
Death Valley is a valley in the U.S. state of California, and is the l ...
Updated: Feb 11, 2007 3:31pm PST
New York Yankees - VS Kansas City Royals
Gary Sheffield, moved into the designated hitter's role to give him a ...
Updated: Apr 12, 2006 6:00pm PST
For more information, or options not avaliable here please sent an ema ...
Updated: Apr 15, 2007 2:08pm PST
New York City - National Boat Show 2006
Tens of thousands of boating and fishing enthusiasts start their seaso ...
Updated: Jan 08, 2006 8:54am PST
New York City - 2005 ING Marathon
These are photos of some of the UPSers and other volunteers that helpe ...
Updated: Nov 17, 2005 2:50am PST
When you get into the gallery, please make the slide show full screen ...
Updated: Oct 24, 2005 6:53am PST
Traveled to Boston to see Laura's Aunt perform in the Sound of Music. ...
Updated: Sep 11, 2005 4:27pm PST
The Rockefeller Center - December 2003
Visit this address for more information: http://www.rockefellercent ...
Updated: May 13, 2005 9:07am PST
New York City - Intrepid and Queen Mary 2nd - April 2004
About the Intrepid: One of the most successful ships in US History is ...
Updated: May 13, 2005 8:05am PST
New York City - Coney Island - September 2003
Disney World or Six Flags Great Adventure it ain’t. For a refreshing ...
Updated: May 11, 2005 9:54pm PST
Ireland in Black and White - April 2005
For more information, or options not avaliable here please sent an ema ...
Updated: Jan 22, 2007 6:22pm PST
New York City - Coney Island - Mermaid parade
The Mermaid Parade is a completely original creation that is that nati ...
Updated: Oct 25, 2005 8:55pm PST
![New York City - Temple Emanu-El : I am not Jewish but visit this site for more info: http://www.emanuelnyc.org/
The history of Temple Emanu-El is a reflection of the Jewish historical experience in America. Though the first Jews to arrive in the New World came as early as 1654, their numbers reached significance only at the midpoint of the nineteenth century. It was during this time that Emanu-El was founded. Thirty- three immigrants from Germany, part of a wave of Western European Jews who came to these shores to escape the rigid conservatism of post-Napoleonic Europe, established the Temple in 1845.
As did many of their fellow immigrants, these thirty-three men sought to adapt their lives, including their religious practice, to the new environment. In 1844 they formed a cultural society, or Cultus Verein, for this purpose. From that society their new temple -- a Reform congregation -- was born.
Liberal Judaism traces its origins to Germany, yet the founders of the Temple were not particularly conversant with the movement. Seeking advice, they wrote to Congregation Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina, which in 1824 became the first Reform temple in the United States, and to Har Sinai in Baltimore, Reform Judaism's second congregation in this country, founded in 1843. After responses were received, Emanu-El, meaning "God is with us," was established, simultaneously the first Reform congregation in the city of New York and the third in the nation.
In contrast to the limitless spiritual hopes of the founders their finances were modest. The records indicate that at the organizing meeting in 1845, those present contributed a sum of less than thirty dollars with which to inaugurate the Congregation. Consequently, Emanu-El's first place of worship was a rented room on the second floor of a private dwelling at the corner of Grand and Clinton Streets on the Lower East Side. Soon, however, the space became inadequate, and in 1848 Emanu-El moved to Chrystie Street, a few blocks west of its original location. A former Methodist church was purchased and transformed into a Jewish house of prayer and meeting place.
In its first years, Emanu-El grew steadily if not dramatically, and the members remained modest of means. Yet there was sufficient development to warrant another relocation in 1854, this time a little to the north, the Jewish community having begun to move uptown along with the general population. The Congregation acquired a structure at Twelfth Street near Fourth Avenue, which had once housed a Baptist church, and refurbished it as a synagogue.
Gradually the prosperity of the Congregation increased, and the dream of building a grand temple became a reality after the Civil War, in 1868. An imposing sanctuary was erected on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street, of which a contemporary critic wrote, "[the new Temple Emanu-El] is the finest example of Moorish architecture in the Western world." This magnificent building remained the Congregation's house of worship until the late 1920s. Thus, in less than twenty-five years, Emanu-El's rise to eminence -- a microcosm of the success of the Western European immigrant in general and the German Jewish immigrant in particular -- was nothing short of extraordinary.
Emanu-El's initial spiritual leader was Dr. Leo Merzbacher, believed to be the first ordained rabbi to serve a congregation in New York. Dr. Merzbacher guided the Temple in its introduction to Reform Jewish philosophy and practice and authored one of the first Reform prayer books in America. Upon his death in 1856 he was succeeded by Dr. Samuel Adler, who by that time had achieved a reputation as one of the great philosophical and theological leaders of the Reform movement in Germany. This early period of the Congregation's history was marked by radical modifications in liturgy, theology and practice.
Further change occurred with the arrival in 1873 of Dr. Gustav Gottheil, late of Manchester, England, as Emanu-El's first permanent English-speaking rabbi. Up until then German had been spoken from the pulpit, however, the new generation of congregants were American- born. Dr. Gottheil was assisted, beginning in 1888, by Dr. Joseph Silverman, a native of Cincinnati and the first rabbi born in the United States to serve in New York.
Gustav Gottheil was one of the earliest rabbis in this country to reach out to the Christian community, and his rabbinate witnessed the beginnings of the interfaith movement. Other innovations taking place during the Gottheil years were of a liturgical and ritual nature, including the discarding of head coverings for male worshippers. The original Merzbacher prayer book, extensively emended by Dr. Adler in 1860, was retained until the adoption of the Union Prayer Book in 1895, which the Congregation continues to use in a revised edition.
Emanu-El's Golden Jubilee, presided over by Dr. Gottheil in 1895, was an anniversary celebrated not only by the Congregation but by prominent New York City figures as well. Members of the Christian clergy, educators, political leaders and the foremost spokesman of the Reform Movement attended the ceremonies, which attracted wide press coverage and confirmed Emanu-El's considerable growth and status. A congregation with humble origins on the Lower East Side was just a half century later recognized as one of the most prestigious religious institutions in the city and nation.
In 1906 Dr. Judah Leon Magnes ascended the pulpit of Emanu-El to serve as co-Rabbi with Dr. Silverman as its first American-born senior rabbi. An active member of the nascent Zionist movement, Dr. Magnes also played an important role in bridging the cultural differences that separated the Jewish community of German origin from those who had emigrated from Eastern Europe following the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881. Magnes remained at Emanu-El only a few years before becoming the first president of Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His successor as spiritual leader of the Temple was the eminent scholar Dr. Hyman G. Enelow, whose contributions to higher Jewish learning are profound.
As the resources of the Congregation grew, so did its sense of responsibility toward the huge influx of Eastern European Jews who came to the United States in the forty-year period beginning in the early 1880s. Fleeing pogroms and economic hardship, the newcomers were greeted with overwhelming generosity by the members of Emanu-El. Charitable activities that included creative social and educational programs were undertaken to help ease the difficult process of Americanization. Temple Emanu-El had become a living example of the ancient Jewish tradition that one must "aid the poor, care for the sick, teach the ignorant and extend a helping hand to those who have lost their way in the world."
By the beginning of the third decade of the twentieth century the membership of the Temple turned its focus inward, answering a call from the pulpit for spiritual renewal. What followed was the establishment of many of the auxiliary organizations and activities that continue to the present day, enriching the life of the Temple and giving service to the greater community. Also by this time Eastern Europeans were becoming congregants -- an indication of how they had settled into American society. A generation later, the majority of the men and women who belonged to Temple Emanu-El traced their ancestry to Eastern rather than to Western Europe.
In the late 1920s there were two further major events in the history of Emanu-El. One was the consolidation with the influential Reform congregation Temple Beth-El, located at Fifth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street. Beth-El claimed among its spiritual leaders Dr. David Einhorn, one of the architects of nineteenth-century Reform Jewish thought, and Dr. Kaufmann Kohler, who left the pulpit in 1903 to become president of Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.
The second watershed was the move from Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street, the surroundings having undergone a transformation from a residential to a commercial area. The structural deficiencies of the building itself also made relocation necessary. Through the foresight of Emanu-El's president, the distinguished jurist Louis Marshall, property was purchased at Fifth Avenue and Sixty-fifth Street, formerly the site of the John Jacob Astor mansion. Because of its proximity to Central Park, Marshall astutely reasoned that Emanu-El would remain in a residential setting. In September 1929 the first religious service was conducted in the new sanctuary, just weeks before the stock market crashed.
The Great Depression that followed significantly diminished the membership of Emanu-El. Yet, to the credit of the Board of Trustees and the spiritual leadership, which included Drs. Hyman Enelow, Nathan Krass and Samuel Schulman and Samuel H. Goldenson, the Temple continued to wholeheartedly assume social responsibility even in the face of burdensome debt. Those European Jews fortunate enough to escape Nazism were welcomed with the same attention and devotion shown by an earlier generation to refugees who had fled the tyranny of czarist Russia.
In the same spirit of generosity and duty, the men and women of Emanu-El served with distinction both in and out of uniform during World War II. The recreation center occupying the Isaac Mayer Wise Hall was considered the finest canteen not only in New York but in the entire country. Near the war's end, Emanu-El had additional reason to celebrate, for on the third and fourth of April, 1945, the Congregation commemorated its first hundred years with services of rededication.
As the twentieth century progressed, the rabbis of Emanu-El continued to be a great source of pride for the Congregation. Dr. Samuel H. Goldenson was a prominent champion of Classical Reform Judaism. Dr. Nathan A. Perilman, who came to the Temple in 1932 as an assistant rabbi, remained for forty-one-and-a-half years, making his rabbinate the longest active service in the Congregation's history. Dr. Julius Mark won wide recognition for the important role he played as a Navy chaplain during the Second World War. In 1973 Dr. Ronald B. Sobel became the youngest senior rabbi elected by the Congregation, carrying the legacy of Gustav Gottheil as a leading advocate of interfaith relations, both in the national and international arenas. Today, the Senior Rabbi is Dr. David M. Posner, a scholar in the fields of Semitic Linguistics and Jewish Musicology.
In 1995 Emanu-El, the largest Reform congregation in the world, housed in the largest synagogue in the world, marked its sesquicentennial anniversary. Throughout the Temple's 150 years, its members have served as the finest examples of what the Jew in America could strive to be. In this new millennium Emanu-El will continue to uphold the traditions that have placed it among the preeminent exponents of Liberal Judaism.](/photos/random.mg?AlbumID=523621&Size=Tiny&AlbumKey=nNiys&rand=8870 "New York City - Temple Emanu-El : I am not Jewish but visit this site for more info: http://www.emanuelnyc.org/
The history of Temple Emanu-El is a reflection of the Jewish historical experience in America. Though the first Jews to arrive in the New World came as early as 1654, their numbers reached significance only at the midpoint of the nineteenth century. It was during this time that Emanu-El was founded. Thirty- three immigrants from Germany, part of a wave of Western European Jews who came to these shores to escape the rigid conservatism of post-Napoleonic Europe, established the Temple in 1845.
As did many of their fellow immigrants, these thirty-three men sought to adapt their lives, including their religious practice, to the new environment. In 1844 they formed a cultural society, or Cultus Verein, for this purpose. From that society their new temple -- a Reform congregation -- was born.
Liberal Judaism traces its origins to Germany, yet the founders of the Temple were not particularly conversant with the movement. Seeking advice, they wrote to Congregation Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina, which in 1824 became the first Reform temple in the United States, and to Har Sinai in Baltimore, Reform Judaism's second congregation in this country, founded in 1843. After responses were received, Emanu-El, meaning \"God is with us,\" was established, simultaneously the first Reform congregation in the city of New York and the third in the nation.
In contrast to the limitless spiritual hopes of the founders their finances were modest. The records indicate that at the organizing meeting in 1845, those present contributed a sum of less than thirty dollars with which to inaugurate the Congregation. Consequently, Emanu-El's first place of worship was a rented room on the second floor of a private dwelling at the corner of Grand and Clinton Streets on the Lower East Side. Soon, however, the space became inadequate, and in 1848 Emanu-El moved to Chrystie Street, a few blocks west of its original location. A former Methodist church was purchased and transformed into a Jewish house of prayer and meeting place.
In its first years, Emanu-El grew steadily if not dramatically, and the members remained modest of means. Yet there was sufficient development to warrant another relocation in 1854, this time a little to the north, the Jewish community having begun to move uptown along with the general population. The Congregation acquired a structure at Twelfth Street near Fourth Avenue, which had once housed a Baptist church, and refurbished it as a synagogue.
Gradually the prosperity of the Congregation increased, and the dream of building a grand temple became a reality after the Civil War, in 1868. An imposing sanctuary was erected on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street, of which a contemporary critic wrote, \"[the new Temple Emanu-El] is the finest example of Moorish architecture in the Western world.\" This magnificent building remained the Congregation's house of worship until the late 1920s. Thus, in less than twenty-five years, Emanu-El's rise to eminence -- a microcosm of the success of the Western European immigrant in general and the German Jewish immigrant in particular -- was nothing short of extraordinary.
Emanu-El's initial spiritual leader was Dr. Leo Merzbacher, believed to be the first ordained rabbi to serve a congregation in New York. Dr. Merzbacher guided the Temple in its introduction to Reform Jewish philosophy and practice and authored one of the first Reform prayer books in America. Upon his death in 1856 he was succeeded by Dr. Samuel Adler, who by that time had achieved a reputation as one of the great philosophical and theological leaders of the Reform movement in Germany. This early period of the Congregation's history was marked by radical modifications in liturgy, theology and practice.
Further change occurred with the arrival in 1873 of Dr. Gustav Gottheil, late of Manchester, England, as Emanu-El's first permanent English-speaking rabbi. Up until then German had been spoken from the pulpit, however, the new generation of congregants were American- born. Dr. Gottheil was assisted, beginning in 1888, by Dr. Joseph Silverman, a native of Cincinnati and the first rabbi born in the United States to serve in New York.
Gustav Gottheil was one of the earliest rabbis in this country to reach out to the Christian community, and his rabbinate witnessed the beginnings of the interfaith movement. Other innovations taking place during the Gottheil years were of a liturgical and ritual nature, including the discarding of head coverings for male worshippers. The original Merzbacher prayer book, extensively emended by Dr. Adler in 1860, was retained until the adoption of the Union Prayer Book in 1895, which the Congregation continues to use in a revised edition.
Emanu-El's Golden Jubilee, presided over by Dr. Gottheil in 1895, was an anniversary celebrated not only by the Congregation but by prominent New York City figures as well. Members of the Christian clergy, educators, political leaders and the foremost spokesman of the Reform Movement attended the ceremonies, which attracted wide press coverage and confirmed Emanu-El's considerable growth and status. A congregation with humble origins on the Lower East Side was just a half century later recognized as one of the most prestigious religious institutions in the city and nation.
In 1906 Dr. Judah Leon Magnes ascended the pulpit of Emanu-El to serve as co-Rabbi with Dr. Silverman as its first American-born senior rabbi. An active member of the nascent Zionist movement, Dr. Magnes also played an important role in bridging the cultural differences that separated the Jewish community of German origin from those who had emigrated from Eastern Europe following the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881. Magnes remained at Emanu-El only a few years before becoming the first president of Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His successor as spiritual leader of the Temple was the eminent scholar Dr. Hyman G. Enelow, whose contributions to higher Jewish learning are profound.
As the resources of the Congregation grew, so did its sense of responsibility toward the huge influx of Eastern European Jews who came to the United States in the forty-year period beginning in the early 1880s. Fleeing pogroms and economic hardship, the newcomers were greeted with overwhelming generosity by the members of Emanu-El. Charitable activities that included creative social and educational programs were undertaken to help ease the difficult process of Americanization. Temple Emanu-El had become a living example of the ancient Jewish tradition that one must \"aid the poor, care for the sick, teach the ignorant and extend a helping hand to those who have lost their way in the world.\"
By the beginning of the third decade of the twentieth century the membership of the Temple turned its focus inward, answering a call from the pulpit for spiritual renewal. What followed was the establishment of many of the auxiliary organizations and activities that continue to the present day, enriching the life of the Temple and giving service to the greater community. Also by this time Eastern Europeans were becoming congregants -- an indication of how they had settled into American society. A generation later, the majority of the men and women who belonged to Temple Emanu-El traced their ancestry to Eastern rather than to Western Europe.
In the late 1920s there were two further major events in the history of Emanu-El. One was the consolidation with the influential Reform congregation Temple Beth-El, located at Fifth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street. Beth-El claimed among its spiritual leaders Dr. David Einhorn, one of the architects of nineteenth-century Reform Jewish thought, and Dr. Kaufmann Kohler, who left the pulpit in 1903 to become president of Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.
The second watershed was the move from Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street, the surroundings having undergone a transformation from a residential to a commercial area. The structural deficiencies of the building itself also made relocation necessary. Through the foresight of Emanu-El's president, the distinguished jurist Louis Marshall, property was purchased at Fifth Avenue and Sixty-fifth Street, formerly the site of the John Jacob Astor mansion. Because of its proximity to Central Park, Marshall astutely reasoned that Emanu-El would remain in a residential setting. In September 1929 the first religious service was conducted in the new sanctuary, just weeks before the stock market crashed.
The Great Depression that followed significantly diminished the membership of Emanu-El. Yet, to the credit of the Board of Trustees and the spiritual leadership, which included Drs. Hyman Enelow, Nathan Krass and Samuel Schulman and Samuel H. Goldenson, the Temple continued to wholeheartedly assume social responsibility even in the face of burdensome debt. Those European Jews fortunate enough to escape Nazism were welcomed with the same attention and devotion shown by an earlier generation to refugees who had fled the tyranny of czarist Russia.
In the same spirit of generosity and duty, the men and women of Emanu-El served with distinction both in and out of uniform during World War II. The recreation center occupying the Isaac Mayer Wise Hall was considered the finest canteen not only in New York but in the entire country. Near the war's end, Emanu-El had additional reason to celebrate, for on the third and fourth of April, 1945, the Congregation commemorated its first hundred years with services of rededication.
As the twentieth century progressed, the rabbis of Emanu-El continued to be a great source of pride for the Congregation. Dr. Samuel H. Goldenson was a prominent champion of Classical Reform Judaism. Dr. Nathan A. Perilman, who came to the Temple in 1932 as an assistant rabbi, remained for forty-one-and-a-half years, making his rabbinate the longest active service in the Congregation's history. Dr. Julius Mark won wide recognition for the important role he played as a Navy chaplain during the Second World War. In 1973 Dr. Ronald B. Sobel became the youngest senior rabbi elected by the Congregation, carrying the legacy of Gustav Gottheil as a leading advocate of interfaith relations, both in the national and international arenas. Today, the Senior Rabbi is Dr. David M. Posner, a scholar in the fields of Semitic Linguistics and Jewish Musicology.
In 1995 Emanu-El, the largest Reform congregation in the world, housed in the largest synagogue in the world, marked its sesquicentennial anniversary. Throughout the Temple's 150 years, its members have served as the finest examples of what the Jew in America could strive to be. In this new millennium Emanu-El will continue to uphold the traditions that have placed it among the preeminent exponents of Liberal Judaism.")
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